Remains of a circular Roman tower at the Babylon Fortress (late 3rd century) in Old Cairo Sometimes the city is informally referred to as Cairo by people from Alexandria ( IPA: Egyptian Arabic: كايرو). Cairo is also referred to as Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ( Late Coptic: ) or Ⲅⲩⲡⲧⲟⲥ ( Late Coptic: ), which means Egypt in Coptic, the same way it's referred to in Egyptian Arabic. Some argue that it was a name of an Egyptian settlement upon which Cairo was built, but it's rather doubtful as this name is not attested in any Hieroglyphic or Demotic source, although some researchers, like Paul Casanova, view it as a legitimate theory. ree) is a popular modern rendering of an Arabic name (others being Ⲕⲁⲓⲣⲟⲛ and Ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲁ ) which is modern folk etymology meaning 'land of sun'.Some argue that Mistram ( Ⲙⲓⲥⲧⲣⲁⲙ Late Coptic: ) or Nistram ( Ⲛⲓⲥⲧⲣⲁⲙ Late Coptic: ) is another Coptic name for Cairo, although others think that it's rather a name of an Abbasid capital Al-Askar. Lioui ( Ⲗⲓⲟⲩⲓ Late Coptic: ) or Elioui ( Ⲉⲗⲓⲟⲩⲓ Late Coptic: ) is another name which is descended from the Greek name of Heliopolis ( Ήλιούπολις). The form Khairon ( Coptic: ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲟⲛ) is attested in the modern Coptic text Ⲡⲓⲫⲓⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲏⲓ Ⲃⲉⲣⲏⲛⲁ (The tale of Saint Verina). roomi ( Coptic: Ϯⲕⲉϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ Late Coptic: ) is attested in the 1211 text The Martyrdom of John of Phanijoit and is either a calque meaning 'man breaker' ( Ϯ-, 'the', ⲕⲁϣ-, 'to break', and ⲣⲱⲙⲓ, 'man'), akin to Arabic al-Qāhirah, or a derivation from Arabic قَصْر الرُوم ( qaṣr ar-rūm, “the Roman castle”), another name of Babylon Fortress in Old Cairo.There are a few Coptic names of the city. The location of the ancient city of Heliopolis is the suburb of Ain Shams ( Arabic: عين شمس, 'Eye of the Sun'). Its official name al-Qāhirah ( القاهرة) means 'the Vanquisher' or 'the Conqueror, supposedly due to the fact that the planet Mars, an-Najm al-Qāhir ( النجم القاهر, 'the Conquering Star'), was rising at the time when the city was founded, possibly also in reference to the much awaited arrival of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Mu'izz who reached Cairo in 973 from Mahdia, the old Fatimid capital. 8.1 Automobile manufacturers from CairoĮgyptians often refer to Cairo as Maṣr ( IPA: مَصر), the Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's importance for the country.2.4 Apogee and decline under the Mamluks.2.2 Fustat and other early Islamic settlements.The economy of Cairo was ranked first in the Middle East in 2005, and 43rd globally on Foreign Policy 's 2010 Global Cities Index. The Cairo Metro, opened in 1987, is the oldest metro system in Africa, and ranks amongst the fifteen busiest in the world, with over 1 billion annual passenger rides. Cairo, like many other megacities, suffers from high levels of pollution and traffic. An additional 9.5 million inhabitants live in close proximity to the city. With a population of over 10 million spread over 453 km 2 (175 sq mi), Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence. Today, Cairo has the oldest and largest cinema and music industry in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University. Cairo is considered a World City with a "Beta +" classification according to GaWC. Cairo's historic center was awarded World Heritage Site-status in 1979. Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. It later superseded Fustat as the main urban centre during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (12th–16th centuries). Under the Fatimid dynasty a new city, al-Qāhirah, was founded nearby in 969. Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat, a settlement founded after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area. The Greater Cairo metropolitan area, with a population of 21.3 million, is the 2nd largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the largest in the Arab world and the Middle East, and the sixth-largest in the world by population.
Cairo ( / ˈ k aɪ r oʊ/ KY-roh Arabic: القاهرة, romanized: al-Qāhirah, pronounced ) is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world.
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